RENO, Nev. (AP) 鈥 A Nevada wildflower was declared endangered at the only place it's known to exist 鈥 on a high-desert ridge where a lithium mine is planned to help meet growing demand for electric car batteries, U.S. wildlife officials announced Wednesday.
The Fish and Wildlife Service's formal listing of Tiehm's buckwheat and its accompanying designation of 910 acres (368 hectares) of critical habitat for the 6-inch-tall (15-centimeter-tall) flower with yellow blooms raises another potential hurdle for President Joe Biden's 鈥済reen energy鈥 agenda.
With an estimated remaining population of only about 16,000 plants, the service concluded that Tiehm's buckwheat is on the brink of extinction.
鈥淲e find that a threatened species status is not appropriate because the threats are severe and imminent, and Tiehm鈥檚 buckwheat is in danger of extinction now, as opposed to likely to become endangered in the future,鈥 the agency said.
The proposed mining and mineral exploration poses the biggest threat to the flower. It's also threatened by road-building, livestock grazing, rodents that eat it, invasive plants and climate change, the service said. It said an apparent, unprecedented rodent attack wiped out about 60% of its estimated population in 2020.
Ioneer, the Australian mining company that's been planning for years to dig for lithium where the flower grows on federal land halfway between Reno and Las Vegas, says it has developed a protection plan that would allow the plant and the project to coexist.
But the listing under the Endangered Species Act subjects the mine to its most stringent regulatory requirement to date.
It also underscores the challenges facing the Biden administration in its efforts to combat climate change through an accelerated transition from fossil fuels to renewables.
鈥淟ithium is an important part of our renewable energy transition, but it can't come at the cost of extinction,鈥 said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin director for the Center for Biological Diversity, which petitioned for the listing in 2019 and sued last year to expedite the plant's protection.
The mining company said the decision "provides further clarity for the path forward" and is 鈥渇ully in line with Ioneer's expectations鈥 for development of the mine site at Rhyolite Ridge in the Silver Peak Range west of Tonopah, near the California border.
鈥淲e are committed to the protection and conservation of the species and have incorporated numerous measures into our current and future plans to ensure this occurs,鈥 Ioneer managing director Bernard Rowe said in a statement.
鈥淥ur operations have and will continue to avoid all Tiehm's buckwheat populations,鈥 he said.
The service's final listing rule will be published Thursday in the Federal Register.
The conservationists who sued to protect the plant insist that Ioneer's mitigation plan won't pass legal muster. They pledge to resume their court battle if necessary to protect the buckwheat's habitat from the rush to develop new lithium deposits.
The flowers are found on a total of just 10 acres (4 hectares) spread across about 3 square miles (7.8 square kilometers). Federal agencies are prohibited from approving any activity on federal lands that could destroy, modify or adversely affect any listed species' critical habitat.
Donnelly said the company's latest operations plan for the first phase of the mine proposes avoiding a 鈥渢iny island of land鈥 containing 75% of its population 鈥 surrounded by an open pit mine and tailings dumps within 12 feet (3.7 meters) of the flowers.
The Bureau of Land Management is reviewing the environmental impacts of Ioneer's latest operations and protection plans.
But Donnelley noted that USFWS estimated in Wednesday's final listing rule that the proposed scenario would 鈥渄isturb and remove up to 38% of the critical habitat for this species, impacting pollinator populations, altering hydrology, removing soil and risking subsidence.鈥
鈥淚oneer's 鈥楤uckwheat Island鈥 scenario would spell doom for this sensitive little flower,鈥 Donnelly said.
The mine is among several renewable energy-related projects facing legal or regulatory challenges in Nevada. They include another lithium mine proposed near the Oregon border and a geothermal power plant where the has been declared endangered in wetlands about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno.
鈥淣ow that the buckwheat is protected, we鈥檒l use the full power of the Endangered Species Act to ensure Ioneer doesn鈥檛 harm one hair on a buckwheat鈥檚 head,鈥 Donnelly said.
