OBB脺RGEN, Switzerland (AP) 鈥 Nearly 80 countries called Sunday for the 鈥渢erritorial integrity鈥 of Ukraine to be the basis for any peace agreement to end Russia鈥檚 two-year war, though some key developing nations at a Swiss conference did not join in. The way forward for diplomacy remains unclear.
The joint communique capped a marked by which was not invited. Many attendees expressed hope that Russia might join in on a road map to peace in the future.
The since President Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has killed or injured hundreds of thousands of people, unsettled markets for goods like grain and fertilizer, driven millions from their homes and carved a wedge between the West 鈥 which has sanctioned Moscow 鈥 and Russia, China and some other countries.
About 100 delegations, mostly Western countries, attended the conference that was billed as a first step toward peace. They included presidents and prime ministers from France, Germany, Britain, Japan, Poland, Argentina, Ecuador, Kenya and Somalia. The Holy See was also represented, and spoke for the United States.
India, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates 鈥 represented by foreign ministers or lower-level envoys 鈥 were among countries that did not sign the final document, which focused on issues of nuclear safety, food security and the exchange of prisoners. Brazil, an 鈥渙bserver,鈥 did not sign on but Turkey did. China did not attend.
The final document signed by 78 countries said the U.N. Charter and 鈥渞espect for territorial integrity and sovereignty 鈥 can and will serve as a basis for achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine.鈥 That has been a nonstarter for Putin, who wants Ukraine to cede more territory and back away from its hopes of joining the NATO military alliance.
Viola Amherd, the Swiss president, told a news conference the 鈥済reat majority鈥 of participants agreed to the final document, which 鈥渟hows what diplomacy can achieve." Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis said Switzerland would reach out to Russian authorities but did not say what the message would be.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy hailed the 鈥渇irst steps toward peace鈥 at the meeting and said Ukraine was in talks with some countries, which he did not name, that had offered to host a 鈥渟econd peace summit.鈥 No timetable was laid out.
Zelenskyy accused China, backed by Russia, of attempting to undermine the Swiss conference, a claim denied by Beijing.
Allies of Ukraine now face the task of trying to keep up momentum toward peace. Zelenskyy said national security advisers would meet in the future, and 鈥渢here will be a specific plan" afterward.
Testifying to war fatigue and other preoccupations, only about half of U.N. member countries took part. It's a far cry from March 2022, when condemnation of Russia鈥檚 invasion led to passage of a non-binding resolution at the U.N. General Assembly by 141 countries calling for Russian troops to leave Ukraine.
It wasn鈥檛 clear why some developing countries attending didn鈥檛 line up behind the final statement, but they may be hesitant to rankle Russia or have cultivated a middle ground between Moscow, its ally China and Western powers backing Kyiv.
鈥淪ome did not sign 鈥 even though very few 鈥 since they are playing 鈥楲et鈥檚 have peace based on concessions鈥 game, and they usually mean concessions by Ukraine, and basically accommodating Russian demands,鈥 said Volodymyr Dubovyk, a Ukraine expert and senior fellow at Center for European Policy Analysis, a Washington-based think tank. 鈥淭hey also like this 'neutrality' positioning.鈥
Dubovyk said the way forward for Ukraine was to receive aid 鈥 weapons and humanitarian assistance 鈥 that could improve its situation on the ground and thus give it a better negotiating position.
At the Swiss event, the challenge was to talk tough on Russia but open the door for it to join a peace initiative.
鈥淢any countries ... wanted the involvement of representatives of the Russian Federation,鈥 Zelenskyy said. 鈥淎t the same time, the majority of the countries do not want to shake hands with them (Russian leaders) ... so there are various opinions in the world.鈥
Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Union鈥檚 executive Commission, said peace won鈥檛 be achieved in a single step and asserted that Putin isn't serious about ending the war.
鈥淗e is insisting on capitulation. He is insisting on ceding Ukrainian territory -- even territory that today is not occupied by him,鈥 she said. 鈥淗e is insisting on disarming Ukraine, leaving it vulnerable to future aggression. No country would ever accept these outrageous terms.鈥
Analysts suspected the would have little concrete impact toward ending the war because . China and Brazil have jointly sought to plot alternative routes toward peace.
Qatar's prime minister, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, said Saturday that his rich Gulf country hosted talks with both Ukrainian and Russian delegations on the reunification of Ukrainian children with their families. It has so far resulted in 34 children being reunited.
The Ukrainian government believes that 19,546 children have been deported or forcibly displaced, and Russian Children鈥檚 Rights Commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova previously confirmed that at least 2,000 were taken from Ukrainian orphanages.
In Kyiv, at a regular demonstration by relatives of soldiers captured by Russia, the response to the Swiss gathering was muted.
鈥淚 would really like to believe that this (conference) will have an impact, but some very important countries did not sign the communique,鈥 said Yana Shyrokyh, 56, whose army serviceman son has been in captivity since 2022. 鈥淚 would really like them to find powerful levers of influence on Russia."
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Associated Press journalists Derek Gatopoulos, Illia Novikov and Dmytro Zhyhinas in Kyiv, Ukraine, contributed to this report.
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