VATICAN CITY (AP) 鈥 Pope Francis' yearslong process to reform the Catholic Church closed Saturday with recommendations that fell short of giving women more equity as hoped, but reflected the pope鈥檚 aims for a church that at least listens more to its followers.
In a significant move, the pope said he would not issue a teaching document from the recommendations, which called for women to be allowed all opportunities that Church law already provides while leaving open the contentious question of permitting women to be ordained as deacons.
As a result, it remains unclear what if any authority or impact the synod鈥檚 final recommendations will have, given the purpose of the exercise was to provide the pope with specific proposals on reform.
鈥淚n this time of war, we must be witnesses to peace鈥 and give an example of living with differences, the pope said in explaining his decision.
Francis said he would continue to listen to the bishops' counsel, adding 鈥渢his is not a classic way of endlessly delaying decisions."
Deacons perform many of the same functions as priests, such as presiding over baptisms, weddings and funerals, but they cannot celebrate Mass. Advocates say allowing women to be deacons would help offset the shortage of priests. Opponents say it would signal the start of a slippery slope toward ordaining women to the all-male priesthood that Francis has repeatedly reaffirmed.
Earlier this week, the Vatican's top doctrinal officer, Cardinal Victor Manuel Fernandez, told the extraordinary assembly of 368 bishops and laypeople 鈥 including women 鈥 that Francis had said the moment 鈥渋s not ripe鈥 for allowing ordination of women as deacons. He did not respond directly to a request to define what would determine 鈥渞ipeness鈥 for a greater role for women.
The multi-year synod process had sparked great hopes for change, especially for women, who have long complained that they are treated as second-class citizens in the church. Women are barred from the church's highest ministerial positions, yet do the lion鈥檚 share of the work running Catholic hospitals and schools and passing the faith onto future generations.
Speaking to the synod on Thursday, Fernandez explained that a special working group would continue beyond the closing of the meeting, but that its focus would be on discussing the 鈥 not in the diaconate, or the office of deacon. He added that while working with women in previous pastoral roles, 鈥渕ost did not ask for or want the diaconate, which would be cumbersome for their lay work.鈥
The meeting asked for 鈥渇ull implementation of all the opportunities already provided for in Canon Law with regard to the role of women, particularly in those places where they remain under-explored.鈥 It leaves open 鈥渢he question of women's access to diaconal ministry.鈥
It was the most contested paragraph of the final document, with 258 votes for and 97 against. It was not clear if the 鈥渘o鈥 votes were because the language went too far or not far enough.
Phyllis Zagano, a leading scholar on women deacons, said the "no鈥 votes could indicate it is time for a decision to be made.
The outcome is a disappointment for Catholics who have been campaigning for recognition that women share a spiritual calling that is no different than a man鈥檚. They also noted that despite the inclusion of women in the synodal process, the working group that is guiding discussions on women鈥檚 role is being run by the Roman curia, operating outside the synod.
鈥淚 think the final document will be received with much disappointment and frustration by many women around the world who are hoping for concrete changes,'' said Kate McElwee, the executive director of the Women鈥檚 Ordination Conference.
While she acknowledged a 鈥渃ultural shift,鈥 she said "the pace of that shift is perhaps too slow for many women.鈥
Gay rights activists also expressed disappointment, noting the failure to include LGBTQ+ issues in the final documents. 鈥淭he laity of the church must now become louder and more vigorous than ever in advocating for reform,'' said Francis DeBernardo, executive director of New Ways Ministry.
The ended last year by concluding it was 鈥渦rgent鈥 to guarantee fuller participation by women in church governance positions, and calling for theological and pastoral research to continue about allowing women to be deacons.
If before the synod the idea of allowing women to be deacons was a fringe proposal pushed by Western progressives, the idea gained attention during the debate. It became something of a litmus test of how far the church was going to go, or not, to address demands of women for greater equality and representation in the church's highest ranks.
Francis, had other ideas, insisting that ordaining women would just 鈥渃lericalize鈥 them and that there were plenty of other ways to empower women in the church, even leading Catholic communities, without resorting to ordination.
